Keyed Nonces for Frame Transactions

Status history

1. Draft16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Replaces the single sender nonce of an EIP-8141 frame transaction with (nonce_keys, nonce_seq): a bounded set of nonce keys sharing one sequence number. nonce_keys == [] selects the legacy account nonce; each key selects an independent protocol-managed nonce sequence stored in a NONCE_MANAGER system contract. Transactions whose key sets do not overlap are replay-independent. This helps privacy…